Resumen Antecedentes: El fotosistema II (PSII) es susceptible al estrés por calor. Las plantas acumulan trehalosa para mejorar la tolerancia al estrés, pero se desconoce el mecanismo por el cual la trehalosa afecta al PSII por calor. Preguntas: ¿Cómo afecta la trehalosa al PSII durante estrés por calor? Especie estudiada: Triticum aestivum L. Lugar y fechas del estudio: Shanghái, China. 2019-2021. Métodos: Las plántulas de trigo pretratadas se sometieron a estres por calor y midieron sus parámetros fotosintéticos. Resultados: El estrés por calor provocó reducción en eficiencia fotoquímica de PSII, tasa de transferencia de electrones (ETR(II)), rendimiento cuántico de disipación de energía regulada Y(NPQ) y coeficiente de enfriamiento fotoquímico (qP), pero aumentó rendimiento cuántico de no- disipación de energía regulada de PSII (Y[NO]). Se alteró la forma de la curva de la cinética de inducción de fluorescencia de clorofila rápida (OJIP) y redujó rendimiento máximo de la fotoquímica primaria de PSII (Fv/Fo) y indicador de rendimiento de PSII PIabs. Disminuyeron: actividad de PSII y cadena de transporte de electrones, cantidad de estructuras de hélice α ordenadas y contenido de proteína D1. En trigo pretratado con trehalosa, la proteína D1 y estructuras secundarias de la proteína del PSII se protegieron; mejoraron el transporte de electrones del PSII y de toda la cadena y mantuvieron mayores valores de los parámetros de fluorescencia. Se obtuvieron menores Y(NO) y OJIP más estables. Conclusiones: Trehalosa exógena desempeñó un papel vital en la protección de la función del PSII, generando mayor capacidad fotosintética bajo estrés por calor.

Abstract Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is susceptible to heat stress. Plants naturally accumulate trehalose to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which trehalose affects PSII during heat stress is still unknown. Questions: How does trehalose affect PSII during heat stress? Studied species: Triticum aestivum L. Study site and dates: Shanghai, China. 2019-2021. Methods: Trehalose -pretreated wheat seedlings suffered from heat stress and their photosynthetic parameters were measured. Results: Heat stress caused a reduction in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transfer rate (ETR(II)), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipationY(NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), but increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y[NO]). The shape of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curve in the heat-stressed wheat was altered and the primary photochemistry maximum yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the PSII performance indicator PIabs were reduced. Accordingly, the activities of PSII and electron transport chain, the amount of ordered α-helix structures and the content of D1 protein also decreased. However, in trehalose-pretreated wheat, D1 protein and protein secondary structures of PSII were both protected, the electron transport activities of PSII and the whole chain were improved and greater fluorescence parameters values were maintained. Lower Y(NO) and more stable OJIP were obtained. Conclusions: Exogenous trehalose acted a vital role in the protection of the function of PSII, resulting in higher photosynthetic capacity under heat stress.

Abstract Long non-coding RNA AK001796 was initially identified altered in lung cancer. Recent research showed it could participate in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the general biological role of AK001796 and its underlying mechanisms in HCC remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that the expression level of AK001796 in HCC tissues and cell lines was up-regulated. Silencing AK001796 suppressed the proliferation ability of HCC cells. Through dual luciferase reporter assays and loss/gain of functions studies, we identified that AK001796 could bind to miR-150, a star microRNA, promoting HCC proliferation. Furthermore, it was reported that growth factor receptor binding protein 2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) is a target gene of miR-150. Owing to AK001796 being a decoy for miR-150 and binding the same putative sites of miR-150 as GAB1, we presented that inhibition of miR-150 in AK001796 silencing cells reversed the reduction in GAB1. Subsequently, our findings demonstrated that silencing AK001796 can impair phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-AKT. In conclusion, our investigation revealed that AK001796 promoted proliferation by enhancing phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-AKT through AK001796/miR-150/GAB1 axis in HCC. These results provided further evidence for the critical roles of AK001796 accumulating HCC and suggested that AK001796 might act as an HCC biomarker in clinical treatment.

Abstract As a natural agricultural product, honey is favored by consumers, and its variety and adulteration have a huge impact on the quality. Acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey were used as experimental objects, and their spectral reflectance curves were obtained through a near-infrared spectral image acquisition system. Spectral features were extracted from the preprocessed spectral reflectance curves, and a honey variety classification model based on near-infrared spectral features was established by machine learning. After statistical analysis, Principal Component Analysis Support Vector Machine after processing data through Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA-SVM) is the optimal classification model for three varieties of acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey, and the correct rate of honey variety classification reaches 95.83%. The spectral reflectance curve was used to establish a honey adulteration identification model based on the partial least squares-discriiminate analysis (PLS-DA), and the classification accuracy was 97.92% in the test set.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The isometric weight training method combines the benefits of physical endurance and hypertrophy. This teaching method performs the isometric exercise with the appropriate body weight. Objective: Study the effects of isometric training with weights on soccer players’ explosive strength of the lower limbs. Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly selected and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The real training situation of the athletes was used. The experimental group adopted the isometrics teaching method with weight, while the control group used conventional muscle strength training. The lower limb strength of the two groups of athletes was compared before and after the experiment. Results: The extensor force growth rate in the experimental groups was significantly increased at medium, high and low speeds, while the peak torque did not show significant changes. The soccer players had their muscle strength improved. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Isometric weight training significantly improves mid and fast-extensor muscle strength in young soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El método de enseñanza por isometría con peso combina los beneficios de la resistencia física y la hipertrofia. Este método de enseñanza realiza el ejercicio isométrico con el peso corporal adecuado. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento isométrico con pesas sobre la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores en jugadores de fútbol. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 20 jugadores de fútbol por muestreo aleatorio, divididos por igual en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Se utilizó la situación real de entrenamiento de los atletas. El grupo experimental adoptó el método de enseñanza por isometría con peso, mientras que el grupo de control utilizó el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular convencional. Se comparó la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores de los dos grupos de atletas antes y después del experimento. Resultados: La tasa de crecimiento de la fuerza extensora en los grupos experimentales aumentó significativamente a velocidades medias, altas y bajas, mientras que el par máximo no mostró cambios significativos. Los jugadores de fútbol mejoraron su fuerza muscular. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento isométrico con pesas mejora significativamente la fuerza de los músculos extensores medios y rápidos en jóvenes futbolistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O método de ensino por isometria com peso combina os benefícios de resistência física e hipertrofia. Este método de ensino executa o exercício isométrico com o peso corporal adequado. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento isométrico com pesos sobre a força explosiva dos membros inferiores nos jogadores de futebol. Métodos: Selecionou-se 20 jogadores de futebol por amostragem aleatória, divididos igualmente em grupo experimental e controle. Utilizou-se a situação real de treino dos atletas. O grupo experimental adotou o método de ensino por isometria com peso enquanto o grupo de controle utilizou o treinamento convencional de força muscular. A força dos membros inferiores dos dois grupos de atletas foi comparada antes e após o experimento. Resultado: A taxa de crescimento da força extensora nos grupos experimentais foi significativamente aumentada em velocidades médias, altas e baixas, enquanto o torque de pico não apresentou alterações significativas. Os jogadores de futebol tiveram sua força muscular aprimorada. Houve uma diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento isométrico com pesos melhora significativamente a força muscular extensora média e rápida nos jovens jogadores de futebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMO: Com base em uma pesquisa domiciliar detalhada de produtores de maçã em Shandong e Shaanxi, este artigo usou um modelo de regressão logística binária para examinar o impacto da especificidade dos ativos nos arranjos de sucessão intergeracional dos produtores de pomar de maçã. Os resultados mostram que a disposição intergeracional dos agricultores da geração mais jovem para sucedê-los é geralmente fraca. A especificidade do capital humano, ativos físicos, ativos de terra e localização geográfica impactaram significativamente na sucessão intergeracional dos agricultores de pomar de maçã administrado por famílias. Especialmente, o nível de tecnologia de produção dos tomadores de decisão de plantio de maçã, o valor das instalações de pomar e maquinários de propriedade dos produtores, topografia do pomar, fertilidade do pomar, apoio do governo e a extensão das estradas da aldeia têm impactos significativamente positivos na vontade dos agricultores. As conquistas educacionais dos tomadores de decisão de plantio de maçã, a área de irrigação do pomar e o número de desastres de maçã nas aldeias impactam negativamente a vontade dos agricultores. Portanto, o treinamento técnico deve ser intensificado para aumentar efetivamente o capital humano dos agricultores, a construção da infraestrutura deve ser reforçada para melhorar as condições de produção de maçã e as operações dos agricultores profissionais devem ser apoiadas para desenvolver operações em escala moderada.

ABSTRACT: Based on detailed household survey of apple farmers in Shandong and Shaanxi, this article used a binary logistic regression model to examine the impact of asset specificity on farmers’ intergenerational succession arrangements of apple orchard. The results showed that the farmers’ intergenerational willingness of younger generation to succeed them is generally weak. The specificity of human capital, physical assets, land assets and geographic location significantly impacted on farmers’ intergenerational succession of family-operated apple orchard. Especially, the production technology level of apple planting decision-makers, the value of orchard facilities and machinery owned by apple growers, orchard topography, orchard fertility, government support, and the length of village hardened roads have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ willingness. The education achievement of apple planting decision-makers, orchard irrigation area, and the number of village apple disasters negatively impacted farmers’ willingness. Therefore, technical training should be intensified to effectively increase the human capital of farmers, infrastructure construction should be strengthened to improve apple production conditions, and professional farmers’ operations should be supported to develop moderate-scale operations.

Abstract Xuan-Mugua is a Chinese traditional fruit and is mainly preserved by air drying. To explore the effect of temperature on the drying property and quality of the fruits, they were sliced and dried at 60-90 °C. The results indicated that the drying time shortened from 150 to 80 min with the increasing temperature and the minimal time was found at 90 °C. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity generally decreased by 5.09-18.27% at higher temperature (90 °C) and their maximums respectively appeared at 60 and 80 °C. Compared with the medium temperatures (60 and 70°C), the phenolic profiles changed obviously at higher temperatures (80 and 90 °C), and a transformation of chlorogenic acid was detected; besides, with the increasing temperature, the main phenolics including catechin and chlorogenic acid respectively decreased by 29.3% and 18.4%. Taking the above findings together, 70 °C should be the proper temperature to dry Xuan-Mugua fruits.

Severe blockage in myeloid differentiation is the hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Trdmt1 plays an important role in hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the function of Trdmt1 in AML cell differentiation. In the present study, Trdmt1 was up-regulated and miR-181a was down-regulated significantly during human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation after TAT-CT3 fusion protein treatment. Accordingly, miR-181a overexpression in HL-60 cells inhibited granulocytic maturation. In addition, our “rescue” assay demonstrated that Trdmt1 3′-untranslated region promoted myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells by sequestering miR-181a and up-regulating C/EBPα (a critical factor for normal myelopoiesis) via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-181a. These findings revealed an unrecognized role of Trdmt1 as a potential ceRNA for therapeutic targets in AML.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the effects of controlled decompression and rapid decompression, explore the potential mechanism, provide the theoretical basis for the clinical application, and explore the new cell death method in intracranial hypertension. Methods Acute intracranial hypertension was triggered in rabbits by epidural balloon compression. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly put into the sham group, the controlled decompression group, and the rapid decompression group. Brain water content, etc., was used to evaluate early brain injury. Western blotting and double immunofluorescence staining were used to detect necroptosis and apoptosis. Results Brain edema, neurological dysfunction, and brain injury appeared after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Compared with rapid decompression, brain water content was significantly decreased, neurological scores were improved by controlled decompression treatment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and Nissl staining showed neuron death decreased in the controlled decompression group. Compared with rapid decompression, it was also found that apoptosis-related protein caspase-3/ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a was reduced markedly in the brain cortex and serum, and the expression levels of necroptosis-related protein, receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)/receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP3) reduced significantly in the controlled decompression group. Conclusions Controlled decompression can effectively reduce neuronal damage and cerebral edema after craniocerebral injury and, thus, protect the brain tissue by alleviating necroptosis and apoptosis.

ABSTRACT Salinity is a growing problem worldwide and techniques are needed to mitigate this problem. Field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of optimum N management (NM) on growth, antioxidant ability and yield performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in medium saline soil in the coastal area of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China, during 2016 and 2017. A salt tolerant rice genotype Nangeng 9108 and N fertilizer including urea (300 kg N ha-1) were used, six levels of NM were arranged (base:tillering:panicle initiation fertilizers = 0:8:2 (T1), 0:6:4 (T2), 0:4:6 (T3), 5.6:2.4:2.0 (T4), 4.2:1.8:4.0 (T5), and 2.8:1.2:6.0 (T6), respectively). NM significantly affected plant growth, antioxidant traits, yield and yield components of rice in saline soil. On average, grain yield, panicles and spikelets per panicles were prominently higher under treatments of applied basal fertilizer (TABF; T4, T5 and T6) than treatments of non-applied basal fertilizer (TNBF; T1, T2 and T3). The TABF produced a yield advantaged of 39.7% and 54.4% over TNBF in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Bigger panicles were formed under TABF, mean spikelets per panicle was 15.7% higher than TNBF in 2016 and 20.0% in 2017. The T5 produced the highest dry weight, grain yield, panicles, spikelets per panicle, activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, soluble protein, soluble sugar and sucrose at each growth period. However, the highest grain filling percentage showed under T4 had 82% and 81% advantages in each year. These results suggest that applied basal fertilizer can enhance salt tolerance and grain yield of rice, and appropriate N management can alleviate salt stress and increase grain yield.

Ultrasound-measured inferior vena cava (IVC) and abdominal aorta (Ao)-associated parameters have been used to predict volume status for decades, yet research focusing on the impact of individual physical characteristics, including gender, height/weight, body surface area (BSA), and age, assessed simultaneously on those parameters in Chinese children is lacking. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of individual characteristics on maximum IVC diameter (IVCmax), Ao, and IVCmax/Ao in healthy Chinese children. From September to December 2015, 200 healthy children from 1 to 13 years of age were enrolled. IVCmax and Ao diameters were measured by 2D ultrasound. We found that age (years), height (cm), weight (kg), waist circumference (cm), and BSA (m2) were positively correlated with IVCmax and Ao. Multivariate linear regression showed that age was the only independent variable for IVCmax (mm) in female children, height was the only independent variable for IVCmax in male children, and age was the only independent variable for Ao in both females and males. IVCmax/Ao was not significantly influenced by the subjects’ characteristics. In conclusion, IVCmax and Ao were more susceptible to subjects’ characteristics than IVCmax/Ao. IVCmax/Ao could be a reliable and practical parameter in Chinese children as it was independent of age, height, and weight.

Abstract: Assessing snowmelt runoff in catchments without conducting intensive observations for water resource management is very important. This paper presents the modeling results of meltwater runoff in the Juntanghu River basin, where the river flow is dominated by glacier and snow meltwater from above the mid-altitude of the north central Tian Shan Mountains in Northwest China. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model is used to assess the effects of potential climate change on the Juntanghu River basin. The model uses meteorological data, which include precipitation, temperature, wind, and solar radiation, to depict the impact of climate change on the river discharge in the Juntanghu watershed. The SWAT model is validated and verified against the observed discharge at the Hongshan reservoir at the outlet of the watershed from 1995 to 2010. The SWAT model can well differentiate between meltwater runoff from snow and that from glaciers in the basin. The R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency values computed for the daily comparisons are 0.92 and 0.85 for the calibration period and 0.83 and 0.81 for the validation period, respectively. Experiments show that the hydrological cycle in the Juntanghu River basin may be altered under changing climatic scenarios. The mean annual stream flow changes in response to climate change projections are simulated using SWAT model. A rising mean temperature (T + 1 °C) in early spring results in a 2.14 times increase in the average daily stream flow (on February 27), whereas a higher rising temperature (T + 3 °C) results in an earlier snowmelt phenomenon. However, the snowmelt runoff from the preliminary to interim stages has less influence in relation to changes in the precipitation. The average daily flow changes of 1.07 times are predicted for precipitation change scenarios of 10%. The climate change scenarios show a large degree of uncertainty in terms of current climate change forecasts for the Juntanghu basin. The simulated Juntanghu hydrological cycle is also very sensitive to current forecasted climate changes under climate change conditions.

Resumen: La evaluación de la escorrentía del deshielo en las cuencas sin llevar a cabo observaciones intensivas para la gestión de los recursos hídricos es muy serio. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de los modelos de escorrentía de agua de deshielo en la cuenca del río Juntanghu, donde el caudal del río está dominado por glaciares y nieve, agua de fusión por encima de la mitad de altitud de la zona centro norte de Tian Shan en el noroeste de China. El modelo de herramienta de evaluación de suelos y aguas (SWAT) se utiliza para evaluar los efectos de un posible cambio climático en la cuenca del río Juntanghu. El modelo utiliza datos meteorológicos, que incluyen precipitación, temperatura, viento y radiación solar, para describir el impacto del cambio climático en el caudal de los ríos en la cuenca Juntanghu. El modelo SWAT es validado y verificado en contra de la aprobación de la gestión observada en el embalse de Hongshan a la salida de la cuenca de 1995 a 2010. El modelo SWAT también puede diferenciar entre el escurrimiento de agua de deshielo de la nieve y a partir de los glaciares en la cuenca. Los valores de eficiencia de simulación R2 y Nash-Sutcliffe calculadas para las comparaciones diarias son de 0.92 y 0.85 para el periodo de calibración, y 0.83 y 0.81 para el periodo de validación, respectivamente. Los experimentos muestran que el ciclo hidrológico en la cuenca del río Juntanghu puede alterarse bajo escenarios climáticos. Los cambios en el flujo de corrientes anuales medias en respuesta a las proyecciones del cambio climático se simula utilizando el modelo SWAT. Una temperatura media ascendente (T + 1 °C) en los resultados de primavera aumenta en un 2.14 veces en el flujo de la corriente media diaria (27 de febrero), mientras que un aumento de la temperatura más alta (T + 3 °C) da lugar a un fenómeno del deshielo temprano. Sin embargo, la escorrentía de deshielo de la preliminar a etapas intermedias tiene menos influencia en relación con los cambios en precipitación. Los cambios en el flujo promedio diario de 1.07 veces son los previstos en escenarios de cambio de precipitación (10%). Los escenarios de cambio climático muestran un alto grado de incertidumbre en cuanto a las previsiones de cambio climático actuales para la cuenca Juntanghu. El ciclo hidrológico Juntanghu simulado es también muy sensible a los cambios climáticos pronosticados actuales bajo condiciones de cambio climático.

Currently, there is a trend of an increasing number of Plasmodium vivaxmalaria cases in China that are imported across its Southeast Asia border, especially in the China-Myanmar border area (CMB). To date, little is known about the genetic diversity of P. vivaxin this region. In this paper, we report the first genome sequencing of a P. vivaxisolate (CMB-1) from a vivax malaria patient in CMB. The sequencing data were aligned onto 96.43% of the P. vivaxSalvador I reference strain (Sal I) genome with 7.84-fold coverage as well as onto 98.32% of 14 Sal I chromosomes. Using the de novoassembly approach, we generated 8,541 scaffolds and assembled a total of 27.1 Mb of sequence into CMB-1 scaffolds. Furthermore, we identified all 295 known virgenes, which is the largest subtelomeric multigene family in malaria parasites. These results provide an important foundation for further research onP. vivaxpopulation genetics.

New butyrolactones aspernolides C and D, along with two known butyrolactones (A and B) were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic ressonance techniques, and electronic circular dichroism. The butyrolactones aspernolides C and D were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity. The results showed that butyrolactones aspernolides C and D exhibited moderate anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity with IC50 values of 64.2 and 88.6 μM, respectively.

The vanC1 gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for Enterococcus gallinarum. Enterococcus faecium TJ4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanC1gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect vanXYc and vanTc genes. Only the vanXYc gene was found in the E. faecium TJ4031 isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that the vanC1and vanXYc genes were not expressed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridisation results showed that the vanC1 gene was encoded in the chromosome. E. faecalis isolated from animals has been reported to harbour vanC1gene. However, this study is the first to report the presence of the vanC1gene in E. faecium of human origin. Additionally, our research showed the vanC1gene cannot serve as a species-specific gene of E. gallinarum and that it is able to be transferred between bacteria. Although the resistance marker is not expressed in the strain, our results showed that E. faecium could acquire the vanC1gene from different species.

Dois novos quinenóides chiritalona A and B, e uma nova neolignina 7'E-4,9-dihidroxi-3,3',5'-trimethoxi-8,4'-oxineolign-7'-en-9'-al, além dos conhecidos (-)-8-hidroxi-α-dunniona, digiferruginol, 2,5-dimetoxi-1,4-benzoquinona e hederagenina, foram isolados do caule de Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. As estruturas dos novos compostos foram elucidadas por análise detalhada de dados obtidos pela técnicas de NMR (ressonância magnética nuclear) e MS (espectrometria de massas), e a configuração absoluta de chiritalona A foi determinada por análise de difração de raios X de monocristal utilizando o parâmetro Flack. A atividade inibitória dos compostos com relação ao vírus da síndrome respiratória e reprodutiva suína (PRRSV) foi medida pelo método do efeito citopático (CPE). Digiferruginol e hederagenina apresentaram efeito fraco com relação ao PRRSV com valor IC50 de 80,5 ± 16,9 µmol L-1 (SI = 19,9) e 43,2 ± 7,4 µmol L-1 (SI = 13,1), respectivamente.

Two new quinonoids chiritalone A and B, and a new neolignan 7'E-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-en-9'-al, along with known (-)-8-hydroxy-α-dunnione, digiferruginol, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and hederagenin, were isolated from the stems of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis from NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and MS (mass spectrometry) data, and the absolute configuration of chiritalone A was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using the Flack parameter. The inhibitory activity of compounds against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) was measured by the cytopathic effect (CPE) method. Digiferruginol and hederagenin showed weak effect on PRRSV with an IC50 value of 80.5 ± 16.9 µmol L-1 (SI = 19.9) and 43.2 ± 7.4 µmol L-1 (SI = 13.1), respectively.